Richard II
William Shakespeare · Pre-Reading Vocabulary · prepared by Vocabularium
Match guide. Of this book’s 20,268 words of running text, a reader who knows the 3,000 most common English words can already read 85% — one who knows 6,000 reads 90%. The lists below close most of the remaining gap.
Words Worth Knowing Anywhere
High School (77 words)
duchess ×33 Webster 1828
noun The consort or widow of a duke. Also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy.
“DUCHESS.”
pardon ×27 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin per and dono, to give; per having the sense of the English for in forgive, and re in Latin remitto, properly to give back or away.]
1. To forgive; to remit; as an offense or crime.
“Pardon me, if you please; if not, I, pleas'd Not to be pardon'd, am content withal.”
traitor ×24 Webster 1828
noun [Latin traditor; trado, to deliver.]
1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to its enemy, or any fort or place entrusted to his d…
“Thou art a traitor and a miscreant; Too good to be so and too bad to live, Since the more fair and crystal is the sky, The uglier seem the clouds that in it fly.”
sorrow ×22 Webster 1828
noun The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the loss of any good. or of frustrated hopes of good, or expected loss of happiness; to grieve; to be sad.
“Grief boundeth where it falls, Not with the empty hollowness, but weight: I take my leave before I have begun, For sorrow ends not when it seemeth done.”
treason ×14 Webster 1828
noun tree'zn. [Latin traho. See Draw and Drag.]
TREASON is the highest crime of a civil nature of which a man can be guilty. Its signification is different in different countries.
“We thank you both; yet one but flatters us, As well appeareth by the cause you come; Namely, to appeal each other of high treason.”
madam ×13 Webster 1828
noun An appellation or complimentary title given to married and elderly ladies, or chiefly to them.
“Madam, your Majesty is too much sad.”
gracious ×11 Webster 1828
adjective [Latin gratiosus.]
1. Favorable; kind; friendly; as, the envoy met with a gracious reception.
2.
“Many years of happy days befall My gracious sovereign, my most loving liege!”
foe ×9 Webster 1828
noun fo. [See Fiend.]
1. An enemy; one who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge or malice against another.
A man's foes shall be they of his own household. Matthew 10:36.
2.
“Thy friends are fled, to wait upon thy foes, And crossly to thy good all fortune goes.”
spur ×7 Webster 1828
noun
1. An instrument having a rowel or little wheel with sharp points, worn on horsemens heels, to prick the horses for hastening their pace.
Girt with rusty sword and spur
Hence, to set spurs to a horse, is to prick him and pu…
“First, the fair reverence of your highness curbs me From giving reins and spurs to my free speech; Which else would post until it had return'd These terms of treason doubled down his throat.”
royalty ×6 Webster 1828
noun
1. Kingship; the character, state or office of a king.
Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty.
2. Royalties, plural emblems of royalty; regalia.
3. Rights of a king; prerogatives.
“Seek you to seize and gripe into your hands The royalties and rights of banish'd Hereford?”
despair ×6 Webster 1828
noun
1. Hopelessness; a hopeless state; a destitution of hope or expectation.
We are perplexed, but not in despair 2 Corinthians 4:8.
All safety in despair of safety placed.
2.
“I will despair, and be at enmity With cozening hope: he is a flatterer, A parasite, a keeper-back of death, Who gently would dissolve the bands of life, Which false hope lingers in extremity.”
weary ×6 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Having the strength much exhausted by toil or violent exertion; tired; fatigued. [It should be observed however that this word expresses less than tired, particularly when applied to a beast; as a tired horse.
“The sullen passage of thy weary steps Esteem as foil wherein thou art to set The precious jewel of thy home return.”
vain ×6 Webster 1828
adjective [Latin vanus; Eng. wan, wane, want.]
1. Empty; worthless; having no substance, value or importance. 1 Peter 1:18.
To your vain answer will you have recourse.
Every man walketh in a vain show.
“Vex not yourself, nor strive not with your breath; For all in vain comes counsel to his ear.”
bind ×6 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To tie together, or confine with a cord, or any thing that is flexible; to fasten as with a band, fillet or ligature.
2.
“Go, bind thou up yon dangling apricocks, Which, like unruly children, make their sire Stoop with oppression of their prodigal weight: Give some supportance to the bending twigs.”
seize ×6 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To fall or rush upon suddenly and lay hold on; or to gripe or grasp suddenly. The tiger rushes from the thicket and seizes his prey. A dog seizes an animal by the throat.
“And for these great affairs do ask some charge, Towards our assistance we do seize to us The plate, coin, revenues, and moveables, Whereof our uncle Gaunt did stand possess'd.”
coward ×5 Webster 1828
noun [Latin]
1. A person who wants courage to meet danger; a poltroon; a timid or pusillanimous man.
A coward does not always escape with disgrace, but sometimes loses his life.
2.
“Thou darest not, coward, live to see that day.”
trumpet ×5 Webster 1828
noun
1. A wind instrument of music, used chiefly in war and military exercises. It is very useful also at sea, in speaking with ships.
“The Duke of Norfolk, sprightfully and bold, Stays but the summons of the appelant's trumpet.”
presently ×5 Webster 1828
adverb s as z. At present; at this time.
The towns and forts you presently have.
1. In a short time after; soon after.
Him therefore I hope to send presently so soon as I shall see how it will go with me.
“Sirrah, get thee to Plashy, to my sister Gloucester; Bid her send me presently a thousand pound.”
forbid ×5 Webster 1828
verb transitive preterit tense forbad; participle passive forbid forbidden. Literally, to bid or command against. Hence,
1. To prohibit; to interdict; to command to forbear or not to do. The laws of God forbid us to swear.
“The King of Heaven forbid our lord the King Should so with civil and uncivil arms Be rush'd upon!”
lest ×5 Webster 1828
conjunction That not; for fear that.
Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. Genesis 3:3.
The phrase may be thus explained. Ye shall not touch it; that separated or dismissed, ye die.
“Take not, good cousin, further than you should, Lest you mistake.”
deed ×5 Webster 1828
noun
1. That which is done, acted or effected; an act; a fact; a word of extensive application, including whatever is done, good or bad, great or small.
And Joseph said to them, what deed is this which ye have done? Gen.
“forfend it, God, That in a Christian climate souls refin'd Should show so heinous, black, obscene a deed!”
groom ×5 Webster 1828
Gally-worm
Germ
Gram
Grim
Grime
Grimy
Gromwell
Grum
Grume
“GROOM.”
pawn ×4 Webster 1828
noun [Latin pignus.]
1. Something given or deposited as security for the payment of money borrowed; a pledge. pawn is applied only to goods, chattels or money, and not to real estate.
Men will not take pawns without use.
2.
“In proof whereof, there is my honour's pawn; Engage it to the trial if thou dar'st.”
fetch ×4 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To go and bring, or simply to bring, that is, to bear a thing towards or to a person.
We will take men to fetch victuals for the people.
Judges 20:10.
Go to the flock, and fetch me from thence two kids of the g…
“Fetch hither Richard, that in common view He may surrender; so we shall proceed Without suspicion.”
confess ×4 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin , to own or acknowledge.]
1. To own, acknowledge or avow, as a crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or something that is against one's interest, or reputation.
Human faults with human grief confess
I confess t…
spear ×4 Webster 1828
noun
1. A long pointed weapon, used in war and hunting by thrusting or throwing; a lance.
2. A sharp pointed instrument with barbs; used for stabbing fish and other animals.
3.
“I am disgrac'd, impeach'd, and baffled here; Pierc'd to the soul with slander's venom'd spear, The which no balm can cure but his heart-blood Which breath'd this poison.”
jewel ×4 Webster 1828
noun [Low Latin jocale.]
1. An ornament worn by ladies, usually consisting of a precious stone, or set with one or more; a pendant worn in the ear.
2. A precious stone.
3. A name expressive of fondness.
“A jewel in a ten-times barr'd-up chest Is a bold spirit in a loyal breast.”
alas ×4 Webster 1828
exclamation
An exclamation expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil; sometimes followed by day or while; alas the day, like alack a day; or alas the while, expressing an unhappy time.
“Alas, the part I had in Woodstock's blood Doth more solicit me than your exclaims, To stir against the butchers of his life.”
womb ×4 Webster 1828
noun Woom. [G.]
1. The uterus or matrix of a female; that part where the young of an animal is conceived and nourished till its birth.
2. The place where any thing is produced.
The womb of earth the genial seed receives.
3.
“Gaunt am I for the grave, gaunt as a grave, Whose hollow womb inherits nought but bones.”
slain ×4 Webster 1828
participle passive of slay; so written for slayen. Killed.
“Fear and be slain; no worse can come to fight; And fight and die is death destroying death; Where fearing dying pays death servile breath.”
behold ×4 Webster 1828
verb transitive preterit tense and participle passive beheld' [Latin observo, from servo, to keep.]
1.
“Thou go'st to Coventry, there to behold Our cousin Hereford and fell Mowbray fight: O!”
pilgrimage ×4 Webster 1828
noun A long journey, particularly a journey to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint.
“My heart will sigh when I miscall it so, Which finds it an enforced pilgrimage.”
thrive ×4 Webster 1828
verb intransitive
1. To prosper by industry, economy and good management of property; to increase in goods and estate. A farmer thrives by good husbandry.
“Mine innocency and Saint George to thrive!”
doom ×4 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin , to esteem, and perhaps with the root of condemn. See Deem.]
1. To judge. [Unusual.]
Thou didst not doom so strictly.
2.
“Proud Bolingbroke, I come To change blows with thee for our day of doom.”
wherein ×4 Webster 1828
adverb [where and in.]
1. In which; in which thing, time, respect, book, etc. This is the thing wherein you have erred.
2. In what.
Yet ye say, wherein have we wearied him? Malachi 2:17.
“The sullen passage of thy weary steps Esteem as foil wherein thou art to set The precious jewel of thy home return.”
tedious ×4 Webster 1828
adjective [Latin toedium.]
1. Wearisome; tiresome from continuance, prolixity, or slowness which causes prolixity. We say, a man is tedious in relating a story; a minister is tedious in his sermon.
“Nay, rather, every tedious stride I make Will but remember me what a deal of world I wander from the jewels that I love.”
faint ×4 Webster 1828
adjective [Latin vanus, whence to vanish. Eng. to wane.]
1. weak; languid; inclined to swoon; as, to be rendered faint by excessive evacuations.
2. Weak; feeble; languid; exhausted; as faint with fatigue, hunger or thirst.
3.
“Woe doth the heavier sit, Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.”
venom ×4 Webster 1828
noun [Latin venenum, venor, to hunt, to drive or chase; venio, to come. See Venus, etc.]
1. Poison; matter fatal or injurious to life.
“We must supplant those rough rug-headed kerns, Which live like venom where no venom else But only they have privilege to live.”
kin ×4 Webster 1828
Kan
Kaun
Kawn
Keen
Ken
Khan
Kine
Kino
“He is as like thee as a man may be Not like to me, or any of my kin, And yet I love him.”
fearful ×4 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Affected by fear; feeling pain in expectation of evil; apprehensive with solicitude; afraid. I am fearful of the consequences of rash conduct. Hence,
2.
“But, lords, we hear this fearful tempest sing, Yet seek no shelter to avoid the storm; We see the wind sit sore upon our sails, And yet we strike not, but securely perish.”
revolt ×4 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Latin revolvo; re and volvo, to turn. Eng. wallow.]
1. To fall off or turn from one to another.
2.
“Why have you not proclaim'd Northumberland And all the rest revolted faction traitors?”
brow ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Latin palpebra.. It is probably contracted from brg, and signifies an edge, border or projection.]
1. The prominent ridge over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit.
“Then call them to our presence: face to face And frowning brow to brow, ourselves will hear The accuser and the accused freely speak.”
accuse ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin accuso, to blame or accuse; ad and causor, to blame, or accuse; causa, blame, suit, or process, cause. See Cause.]
1.
“Then call them to our presence: face to face And frowning brow to brow, ourselves will hear The accuser and the accused freely speak.”
envy ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin invideo, in and video, to see against, that is, to look with enmity.]
1. To feel uneasiness, mortification or discontent, at the sight of superior excellence, reputation or happiness enjoyed by another; to…
“Each day still better other's happiness Until the heavens, envying earth's good hap, Add an immortal title to your crown!”
greeting ×3 Webster 1828
participle present tense Addressing with kind wishes or expressions of joy; complimenting; congratulating; saluting.
GREE'TING, noun Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; compliment addressed from one absent.
“Now, Thomas Mowbray, do I turn to thee, And mark my greeting well; for what I speak My body shall make good upon this earth, Or my divine soul answer it in heaven.”
boast ×3 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Gr. to inflate; Latin fastus.]
1. To brag, or vaunt one's self; to make an ostentatious display, in speech, of one's own worth, property, or actions.
2.
“Yet can I not of such tame patience boast As to be hush'd and nought at all to say.”
dread ×3 Webster 1828
noun Dred. [Latin , to dread; fearful; to tremble. The primary sense is probably to tremble, or to shrink.]
1. Great fear, or apprehension of evil or danger. It expresses more than fear, and less than terror or fright.
“Myself I throw, dread sovereign, at thy foot.”
vow ×3 Webster 1828
noun
1. A solemn promisemade to God, or by a pagan to his deity. The Roman generals when they went to war, sometimes made a vow that they would build a temple to some favorite deity, if he would give them victory.
upright ×3 Webster 1828
adjective upri'te or up'rite. [up and right. This word is marked in books with the accent on the first syllable.
“However God or fortune cast my lot, There lives or dies, true to King Richard's throne, A loyal, just, and upright gentleman.”
disgrace ×3 Webster 1828
noun [dis and grace.]
1. A state of being out of favor; disfavor; disesteem; as, the minister retired from court in disgrace
2. State of ignominy; dishonor; shame.
3.
“For Gloucester's death, I slew him not; but to my own disgrace Neglected my sworn duty in that case.”
butcher ×3 Webster 1828
noun
1. One who slaughters animals for market; or one whose occupation is to kill animals for the table. The word may and often does include the person who cuts up and sells meat.
2.
“Alas, the part I had in Woodstock's blood Doth more solicit me than your exclaims, To stir against the butchers of his life.”
rue ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive ru. [Latin rudo, to roar, to bray.]
To lament; to regret; to grieve for; as, to rue the commission of a crime; to rue the day.
Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.
RUE, verb intransitive To have com…
“But what thou art, God, thou, and I, do know; And all too soon, I fear, the king shall rue.”
wander ×3 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [G., to wander to walk, to change, exchange or transform.]
1. To rove; to ramble here and there without any certain course or object in view; as, to wander over the fields; to wander about the town, or about th…
“Nay, rather, every tedious stride I make Will but remember me what a deal of world I wander from the jewels that I love.”
wholesome ×3 Webster 1828
adjective [G.]
1. Tending to promote health; favoring health; salubrious; as wholesome air or diet; a wholesome climate.
2.
“Will the King come, that I may breathe my last In wholesome counsel to his unstaid youth?”
strive ×3 Webster 1828
verb intransitive preterit tense strove; participle passive striven. [G. This word coincides in elements with drive, and the primary sense is nearly the same. See Rival.]
1.
“Vex not yourself, nor strive not with your breath; For all in vain comes counsel to his ear.”
vanity ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Latin vanitas, from vanus, vain.]
1. Emptiness; want of substance to satisfy desire; uncertainty; inanity.
Vanity of vanities, said the preacher; all is vanity Ecclesiastes 1:2.
2.
“Where doth the world thrust forth a vanity,-- So it be new there's no respect how vile,-- That is not quickly buzz'd into his ears?”
bon ×3 Webster 1913
1. Good; valid as security for something.
“Gaunt am I for the grave, gaunt as a grave, Whose hollow womb inherits nought but bones.”
convey ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin , to carry; to weigh. See Weigh and Way.]
1. To carry , bear or transport, either by land or water, or in air; as, to convey a letter or a package; to convey goods from England to France.
2.
“Convey me to my bed, then to my grave: Love they to live that love and honour have.”
bankrupt ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Eng.rout, defeat. This
may signify bench-broken, or bank-broken; most probably the latter, referring to the fund or stock. The last syllable is the Latin ruptus contracted; Norm.roupt, rous, broken.]
1.
“Be York the next that must be bankrupt so!”
hid ×3 Webster 1828
HID
HI'DAGE, noun [from hide, a quantity of land.] An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land.
“Richard not far from hence hath hid his head.”
sting ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive preterit tense and participle passive stung. Stang is obsolete. [G., to stick, to sting We see that sting is stick altered in orthography and pronunciation.]
1.
“Snakes, in my heart-blood warm'd, that sting my heart!”
unseen ×3 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Not seen; not discovered.
2. Invisible; not discoverable; as the unseen God.
3. Unskilled; inexperienced. [Not in use.]
“Now is this golden crown like a deep well That owes two buckets, filling one another; The emptier ever dancing in the air, The other down, unseen, and full of water.”
follower ×3 Webster 1828
noun
1. One who comes, goes or moves after another, in the same course.
2. One that takes another as his guide in doctrines, opinions or example; one who receives the opinions, and imitates the example of another; an adherent; an…
“Discharge my followers; let them hence away, From Richard's night to Bolingbroke's fair day.”
stain ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin , a sprinkle, a spread, a layer; to spread, expand, sprinkle, or be scattered. Gr.]
1.
“Yet he looks like a king: behold, his eye, As bright as is the eagle's, lightens forth Controlling majesty: alack, alack, for woe, That any harm should stain so fair a show!”
heavens ×2 Modern
1. (noun) the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected
“Each day still better other's happiness Until the heavens, envying earth's good hap, Add an immortal title to your crown!”
tame ×2 Webster 1828
adjective
1. That has lost its native wildness and shyness; mild; accustomed to man; domestic; as a tame deer; a tame bird.
2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless.
And you, tame slaves of the laborious plow.
3.
“Yet can I not of such tame patience boast As to be hush'd and nought at all to say.”
rite ×2 Webster 1828
noun [Latin ritus.]
The manner of performing divine or solemn service as established by law, precept or custom; formal act of religion, or other solemn duty.
inherit ×2 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin hoeres, an heir. See Heir.]
1. To take by descent from an ancestor; to take by succession, as the representative of the former possessor; to receive, as a right or title descendible by law from an ancestor…
“It must be great that can inherit us So much as of a thought of ill in him.”
verge ×2 Webster 1828
noun verj. [Latin virga, a rod, that is, a shoot.]
1. A rod, or something in the form of a rod or staff, carried as an emblem of authority; the mace of a dean.
2.
neighbour ×2 Modern
1. (noun) a nearby object of the same kind 2. (noun) a person who lives (or is located) near another 3. (verb) be located near or adjacent to
neglect ×2 Webster 1828
verb transitive [G. To let, to leave, to suffer to pass. The sense of the latter words then is to leave behind, or permit to remain; I suspect the Latin To be composed of the same prefix, as n is not radical in the latter.
“For Gloucester's death, I slew him not; but to my own disgrace Neglected my sworn duty in that case.”
assign ×2 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin assigno, of ad and signo, to allot to mark out, signum, a mark. The primary sense of sign is to send, or to set.]
1.
“In haste whereof, most heartily I pray Your highness to assign our trial day.”
ripe ×2 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Brought to perfection in growth or to the best state; mature; fit for use; as ripe fruit; ripe corn.
2. Advanced to perfection; matured; as ripe judgment, or ripe in judgment.
3.
“But since correction lieth in those hands Which made the fault that we cannot correct, Put we our quarrel to the will of heaven; Who, when they see the hours ripe on earth, Will rain hot vengeance on offenders' heads.”
vengeance ×2 Webster 1828
noun venj'ance. [Latin vindico.]
The infliction of pain on another, in return for an injury or offense.
“That lie shall lie so heavy on my sword That it shall render vengeance and revenge Till thou the lie-giver and that lie do lie In earth as quiet as thy father's skull.”
dwell ×2 Webster 1828
verb intransitive preterit tense dwelled, usually contracted into dwelt. [See Dally.]
1. To abide as a permanent resident, or to inhabit for a time; to live in a place; to have a habitation for some time or permanence.
God shall…
“Therefore commend me; let him not come there, To seek out sorrow that dwells every where.”
violate ×2 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin violo.]
1. To injure; to hurt; to interrupt; to disturb; as, to violate sleep.
Kindness for man, and pity for his fate, may mix with bliss and yet not violate
2.
“Bad men, ye violate A twofold marriage; 'twixt my crown and me, And then betwixt me and my married wife.”
greet ×2 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin rudo, to bray, to roar.]
1. To address with expressions of kind wishes; to salute in kindness and respect.
My lord, the Mayor if London comes to greet you.
2.
“The appellant in all duty greets your highness, And craves to kiss your hand and take his leave.”
College (33 words)
woe ×21 Webster 1913
1. Grief; sorrow; misery; heavy calamity. 2. Woeful; sorrowful. 3. A curse; a malediction.
“Woe doth the heavier sit, Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.”
highness ×10 Webster 1828
noun hi'ness. Elevation above the surface; loftiness; altitude; highth.
1. Dignity; elevation in rank, character or power.
2. Excellence; value.
3. Violence; as the highness of wind.
4. Great amount; as the highness of price.
5.
“As near as I could sift him on that argument, On some apparent danger seen in him Aim'd at your Highness, no inveterate malice.”
nay ×10 Webster 1828
adverb [a contracted word, to deny]
1. No; a word that expresses negation.
I tell you nay but except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Luke 13:3.
2.
“this is all: nay, yet depart not so; Though this be all, do not so quickly go; I shall remember more.”
flatter ×9 Webster 1828
noun The person or thing by which any thing is flattened.
FLAT'TER, verb transitive [Flatter may be from the root of flat, that is, to make smooth, to appease, to soothe. Latin plaudo.
“We thank you both; yet one but flatters us, As well appeareth by the cause you come; Namely, to appeal each other of high treason.”
weeping ×9 Webster 1828
participle present tense Lamenting; shedding tears.
WEEPING, noun Lamentation.
“Desolate, desolate, will I hence and die: The last leave of thee takes my weeping eye.”
weep ×7 Webster 1828
verb intransitive preterit tense and participle passive wept. Weeped, I believe is never used. [See Whoop. The primary sense is to cry out.]
1. To express sorrow, grief or anguish by outcry. This is the original sense.
“Then, thrice-gracious Queen, More than your lord's departure weep not: more's not seen; Or if it be, 'tis with false sorrow's eye, Which for things true weeps things imaginary.”
haste ×6 Webster 1828
noun
1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals; never to other bodies.
“In haste whereof, most heartily I pray Your highness to assign our trial day.”
grieve ×5 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin gravo, from gravis.]
1. To give pain of mind to; to afflict; to wound the feelings. Nothing grieves a parent like the conduct of a profligate child.
2.
“My lord, I had forgot to tell your lordship: To-day, as I came by, I called there; But I shall grieve you to report the rest.”
quarrel ×5 Webster 1828
noun [Latin queror, to complain, that is, to cry out with a loud voice. Hence we see the primary sense is the same as brawl. The Latin queror coincides in elements with to call, to bawl, to shout, and gearan, a complaint.
“In God's name and the king's, say who thou art, And why thou comest thus knightly clad in arms, Against what man thou comest, and what thy quarrel.”
boldly ×4 Webster 1828
adverb In a bold matter; courageously; intrepidly; without timidity or fear; with confidence. Sometimes, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently.
“If it be so, out with it boldly, man; Quick is mine ear to hear of good towards him.”
dar ×4 Webster 1828
DAR or DART, noun A fish found in the Severn.
“Thou, old Adam's likeness, set to dress this garden, How dares thy harsh rude tongue sound this unpleasing news?”
abbot ×4 Webster 1828
noun [formerly abbat, from abba, latinized abbas, or from Heb. plural.]
The superior or governor of an abbey or monastery.
“ABBOT.”
malice ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Latin malitia, from malus, evil.] Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence; a disposition to injure others without cause, from mere personal gratification or from a spirit of revenge; unprovoked malignity or spite.
--Nor set…
“Tell me, moreover, hast thou sounded him If he appeal the Duke on ancient malice, Or worthily, as a good subject should, On some known ground of treachery in him?”
slander ×3 Webster 1828
noun
1. A false tale or report maliciously uttered. and tending to injure the reputation of another by lessening him in the esteem of his fellow citizens, by exposing min to impeachment and punishment, or by impairing his means o…
“let my sovereign turn away his face And bid his ears a little while be deaf, Till I have told this slander of his blood How God and good men hate so foul a liar.”
misfortune ×3 Webster 1828
noun Ill fortune; ill luck; calamity; an evil or cross accident; as loss of property at sea or by fire.
Consider why the change was wrought,
You'll find it his misfortune not his fault.
“and how comest thou hither, man, Where no man never comes but that sad dog That brings me food to make misfortune live?”
fright ×3 Webster 1828
noun frite. [Gr. to fear, that is, to shrink or shiver.]
Sudden and violent fear; terror; a passion excited by the sudden appearance of danger.
barren ×3 Webster 1828
adjective [from the same root as bare.]
1. Not producing young, or offspring; applied to animals.
2. Not producing plants; unfruitful; steril; not fertile; or producing little; unproductive; applied to the earth.
3.
“And nothing can we can our own but death, And that small model of the barren earth Which serves as paste and cover to our bones.”
solemn ×3 Webster 1828
adjective sol'em. [Latin solennis, form soleo, to be accustomed, to use, that is, to hold on or continue, as we have wont.]
1. Anniversary; observed once a year with religious ceremonies.
“Then thus I turn me from my country's light, To dwell in solemn shades of endless night.”
therein ×3 Webster 1828
adverb [there and in.] In that or this place, time or thing.
Bring forth abundantly in the earth and multiply therein Genesis 9:7.
Ye shall keep the sabbath--whosoever doeth any work therein--that soul shall be cut off.
“The pleasure that some fathers feed upon Is my strict fast, I mean my children's looks; And therein fasting, hast thou made me gaunt.”
tempest ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Latin tempestas; tempus, time, season. The primary sense of tempus, time, is a falling, or that which falls, comes or happens, from some verb which signifies to fall or come suddenly, or rather to drive, to rush.
“But, lords, we hear this fearful tempest sing, Yet seek no shelter to avoid the storm; We see the wind sit sore upon our sails, And yet we strike not, but securely perish.”
shorten ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive short'n.
1. To make short in measure, extent or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.
2. To abridge; to lessen; as, to shorten labor or work.
3.
“The time hath been, Would you have been so brief with him, he would Have been so brief with you to shorten you, For taking so the head, your whole head's length.”
unborn ×3 Webster 1828
UN'BORN, adjective [It is accented either on the first or second syllable.] Not born; not brought into life; future.
Some unborn sorrow, ripe in fortune's womb.
The woes to come, the children yet unborn shall feel this day.
“The woe's to come; the children yet unborn Shall feel this day as sharp to them as thorn.”
muster ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin monstro, to show.] Properly, to collect troops for review, parade and exercise; but in general, to collect or assemble troops, persons or things.
“Gentlemen, will you go muster men?”
treacherous ×3 Webster 1828
Treacherously
Treacherousness
folly ×3 Webster 1828
noun [See Fool.]
1. Weakness of intellect; imbecility of mind. want of understanding.
A fool layeth open his folly Proverbs 13:16.
2.
“To fear the foe, since fear oppresseth strength, Gives, in your weakness, strength unto your foe, And so your follies fight against yourself.”
zeal ×2 Webster 1828
noun [Gr., Latin ] Passionate ardor in the pursuit of any thing. In general, zeal is an eagerness of desire to accomplish or obtain some object, and it may be manifested either in favor of any person or thing, or in opposition to…
“Let not my cold words here accuse my zeal: 'Tis not the trial of a woman's war, The bitter clamour of two eager tongues, Can arbitrate this cause betwixt us twain; The blood is hot that must be cool'd for this.”
twain ×2 Webster 1828
adjective or noun Two.
When old winter splits the rocks in twain
[Nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque.]
“Yet am I sick for fear: speak it again; Twice saying 'pardon' doth not pardon twain, DUCHESS.”
trembling ×2 Webster 1828
participle present tense Shaking, as with fear, cold or weakness; quaking; shivering.
unjust ×2 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Not just; acting contrary to the standard of right established by the divine law; not equitable; as an unjust man.
2.
“I take it up; and by that sword I swear Which gently laid my knighthood on my shoulder, I'll answer thee in any fair degree, Or chivalrous design of knightly trial: And when I mount, alive may I not light If I be traitor or unjustly fight!”
adversary ×2 Webster 1828
noun [See Adverse.]
1. An enemy or foe; one who has enmity at heart.
The Lord shall take vengeance on his adversaries. Nahum 1.
In scripture, Satan is called THE adversary by way of eminence. 1 Peter 5:8.
2.
degenerate ×2 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Latin Grown worse, ignoble, base.]
1. To become worse; to decay in good qualities; to pass from a good to a bad or worse state; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable qualities, either in the natural or mo…
wrongful ×2 Webster 1828
adjective Injurious unjust; as a wrongful taking of property; wrongful dealing.
“God's is the quarrel; for God's substitute, His deputy anointed in his sight, Hath caus'd his death; the which if wrongfully, Let heaven revenge, for I may never lift An angry arm against his minister.”
crave ×2 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To ask with earnestness or importunity; to beseech; to implore; to ask with submission or humility, as a dependent; to beg; to entreat.
As for my nobler friends, I crave their pardons.
Joseph--went in boldly to…
“The appellant in all duty greets your highness, And craves to kiss your hand and take his leave.”
Rare & Period Words
gaunt ×51 Webster 1828
GAUNT
GAUNT'LET, noun A large iron glove with fingers covered with small plates, formerly worn by cavaliers, armed at all points.
To throw the gantlet, is to challenge; and
To take up the gantlet, is to accept the challenge.
“You have a son, Aumerle, my noble cousin; Had you first died, and he been thus trod down, He should have found his uncle Gaunt a father To rouse his wrongs and chase them to the bay.”
tis ×26 Webster 1828
a contraction of it is.
“For 'tis a sign of love; and love to Richard Is a strange brooch in this all-hating world.”
liege ×18 Webster 1828
adjective [Latin ligo, to bind; Gr. to bind, to bend; a withe.]
1. Bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a vassal to his lord; subject; faithful; as a liege man.
“More health and happiness betide my liege Than can my care-tun'd tongue deliver him!”
ere ×15 Webster 1828
adverb Before; sooner than.
ERE sails were spread new oceans to explore.
The nobleman saith to him, Sir, come down ere my child die.
“It was, villain, ere thy hand did set it down.”
proud ×14 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Having inordinate self-esteem; possessing a high or unreasonable conceit of one's own excellence, either of body or mind.
“would he not fall down,-- Since pride must have a fall,--and break the neck Of that proud man that did usurp his back?”
gage ×13 Webster 1828
noun
1. A box or inclosure, made of boards, or with lattice work of wood, wicker or wire, for confining birds or beasts. For the confinement of the more strong and ferocious beasts, a cage is sometimes made of iron.
2.
“Lords appellants, Your differences shall all rest under gage Till we assign you to your days of trial YORK.”
bosom ×10 Webster 1828
noun s as z.
1. The breast of a human being and the parts adjacent.
2. The folds or covering of clothes about the breast.
Put thy hand in thy bosom Exodus 4:6.
3.
“I tore it from the traitor's bosom, king; Fear, and not love, begets his penitence.”
banishment ×10 Webster 1828
noun The act of a prince or government, compelling a citizen to leave his country, either for a limited time or forever, as for some crime.
2. A voluntary forsaking of one's country upon oath, called abjuration.
“that e'er this tongue of mine That laid the sentence of dread banishment On yond proud man should take it off again With words of sooth!”
pluck ×8 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off, out or from, with a twitch. Thus we say, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a skin; to pluck grapes or other fruit.
They pluck the fat…
“His answer was: he would unto the stews, And from the common'st creature pluck a glove And wear it as a favour; and with that He would unhorse the lustiest challenger.”
alack ×7 Webster 1828
exclamation
An exclamation expressive of sorrow.
“No lord of thine, thou haught insulting man, Nor no man's lord; I have no name, no title, No, not that name was given me at the font, But 'tis usurp'd: alack the heavy day!”
banish ×6 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority of the prince or government, either for life or for a limited time. It is common for Russians to be banished to Siberia.
2.
“Think not the king did banish thee, But thou the king.”
beseech ×6 Webster 1828
verb transitive preterit tense and participle passive besought.
To entreat; to supplicate; to implore; to ask or pray with urgency; followed by a person; as, 'I Paul beseech you by the meekness of Christ, ', 2 Corinthians 10:1;…
“I do beseech your majesty, To have some conference with your Grace alone.”
reverence ×5 Webster 1828
noun [Latin reverentia.]
1. Fear mingled with respect and esteem; veneration.
When quarrels and factions are carried openly, it is a sign that the reverence of government is lost.
The fear acceptable to God, is a filial fear, an…
“First, the fair reverence of your highness curbs me From giving reins and spurs to my free speech; Which else would post until it had return'd These terms of treason doubled down his throat.”
whereof ×5 Webster 1828
adverb [where and of.]
1. Of which. We are not guilty of the crime whereof we are accused.
2. Of what. whereof was this house built?
How this world, when and whereof created--
“In proof whereof, there is my honour's pawn; Engage it to the trial if thou dar'st.”
anointed ×5 Webster 1828
participle passive Smeared or rubbed with oil; set apart; consecrated with oil.
ANOINT'ED, noun The Messiah, or Son of God, consecrated to the great office of Redeemer; called the Lord's anointed Cyrus is also called the Lord's…
“Not all the water in the rough rude sea Can wash the balm off from an anointed king; The breath of worldly men cannot depose The deputy elected by the Lord.”
valour ×5 Modern
1. (noun) the qualities of a hero or heroine
“As full of valour as of royal blood: Both have I spilt; O!”
to-day ×5 Webster 1913
1. On this day; on the present day. 2. The present day.
“To-day, to-day, unhappy day, too late, O'erthrows thy joys, friends, fortune, and thy state; For all the Welshmen, hearing thou wert dead, Are gone to Bolingbroke, dispers'd, and fled.”
profane ×5 Webster 1828
adjective [Latin profanus; pro and fanum, a temple.]
1. Irreverent to any thing sacred; applied to persons. A man is profane when he takes the name of God in vain, or treats sacred things with abuse and irreverence.
2.
“Hie thee to France, And cloister thee in some religious house: Our holy lives must win a new world's crown, Which our profane hours here have thrown down.”
methinks ×5 Webster 1828
v. impers. participle passive methought. [me and think.] It seems to me; it appears to me; I think. Me is here in the dative. The word is not antiquated, but is not elegant.
“Methinks King Richard and myself should meet With no less terror than the elements Of fire and water, when their thund'ring shock At meeting tears the cloudy cheeks of heaven.”
tidings ×5 Webster 1828
noun plural News; advice; information; intelligence; account of what has taken place, and was not before known.
I shall make my master glad with these tidings
Behold I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all…
“Say, where, when, and how, Cam'st thou by this ill tidings?”
kinsman ×4 Webster 1828
noun [kin and man.] A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
“Both are my kinsmen: T'one is my sovereign, whom both my oath And duty bids defend; the other again Is my kinsman, whom the king hath wrong'd, Whom conscience and my kindred bids to right.”
recreant ×4 Webster 1828
adjective [See Craven.]
1. Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battle; yielding; hence, cowardly; mean spirited.
2.
thyself ×4 Webster 1828
pronoun [thy and self.] A pronoun used after thou, to express distinction with emphasis. 'Thou thyself shalt go; ' that is, thou shalt go and no other.
“Be confident to speak, Northumberland: We three are but thyself: and, speaking so, Thy words are but as thoughts; therefore be bold.”
groans ×4 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Latin grunnio; Heb. to cry out, to groan; Latin rana, a frog.]
1. To breathe with a deep murmuring sound; to utter a mournful voice, as in pain or sorrow.
For we that are in this tabernacle, do groan being b…
“Go, count thy way with sighs; I mine with groans.”
depose ×4 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin To lay or put.]
1. To lay down; to throw; to let fall; as, the flood deposed fine particles of earth on the bank of the river. In this sense, we now use deposit.
2.
“You may my glories and my state depose, But not my griefs; still am I king of those.”
gainst ×4 Webster 1828
'GAINST. [See Against.]
“'Tis nothing but some bond that he is ent'red into For gay apparel 'gainst the triumph day.”
ourself ×4 Webster 1828
pronoun reciprocal. [our and self.] This is added after we and us, and sometimes is used without either for myself, in the regal style only, as, we ourself will follow.
- Unless we would denude ourself of all force to defend us.
“have we stood To watch the fearful bending of thy knee, Because we thought ourself thy lawful king; And if we be, how dare thy joints forget To pay their awful duty to our presence?”
wot ×4 Webster 1828
verb intransitive To know; to be aware.
“Thy pains, Fitzwater, shall not be forgot; Right noble is thy merit, well I wot.”
wail ×4 Webster 1828
verb transitive To lament; to moan; to bewail.
Or if no more her absent lord she wails--
WAIL, verb intransitive To weep; to express sorrow audibly.
Therefore I will wail and howl.
“There lies the substance: and I thank thee, king, For thy great bounty, that not only givest Me cause to wail, but teachest me the way How to lament the cause.”
spake ×4 Webster 1828
preterit tense of speak; nearly obsolete. We not use spoke.
“'Have I no friend?' quoth he: he spake it twice And urg'd it twice together, did he not?”
blot ×4 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin litura, [whence lituro, oblitero.] without the prefix.]
1. To spot with ink; to stain or bespatter with ink; as, to blot a paper.
2.
“Thy overflow of good converts to bad; And thy abundant goodness shall excuse This deadly blot in thy digressing son.”
sceptre ×4 Modern
1. (noun) a ceremonial or emblematic staff 2. (noun) the imperial authority symbolized by a scepter
“Great Duke of Lancaster, I come to the From plume-pluck'd Richard; who with willing soul Adopts thee heir, and his high sceptre yields To the possession of thy royal hand.”
heinous ×4 Webster 1828
adjective An incorrect orthography. [See Hainous.]
“If on the first, how heinous e'er it be, To win thy after-love I pardon thee.”
betwixt ×3 Webster 1828
preposition
1. Between; in the space that separates two persons or things; as, betwixt two oaks.
2. Passing between; from one to another, noting intercourse. [See Between.]
“Bad men, ye violate A twofold marriage; 'twixt my crown and me, And then betwixt me and my married wife.”
nought ×3 Webster 1828
NOUGHT. See Naught.
“Gaunt am I for the grave, gaunt as a grave, Whose hollow womb inherits nought but bones.”
stoop ×3 Webster 1828
verb intransitive
1. To bend the body downward and forward; as, to stoop to pick up a book.
2. To bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or walking.
“Go, bind thou up yon dangling apricocks, Which, like unruly children, make their sire Stoop with oppression of their prodigal weight: Give some supportance to the bending twigs.”
knighthood ×3 Webster 1828
noun The character or dignity of a knight.
1. A military order, honor, or degree of ancient nobility, conferred as a reward of valor or merit. It is of four kinds, military, regular, honorary, and social.
“Speak truly, on thy knighthood and thy oath; As so defend thee heaven and thy valour!”
devise ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive s as z. [Latin]
1. To invent; to contrive; to form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts; to excogitate; to strike out by thought; to plan; to scheme…
“My lord, Before I freely speak my mind herein, You shall not only take the sacrament To bury mine intents, but also to effect Whatever I shall happen to devise.”
honourable ×3 Modern
1. (adjective) worthy of being honored 2. (adjective) adhering to ethical and moral principles
vex ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin vexo.]
1. To irritate; to make angry by little provocations; a popular use of the word.
2. To plague; to torment; to harass; to afflict.
Ten thousand torments vex my heart.
3.
“Vex not yourself, nor strive not with your breath; For all in vain comes counsel to his ear.”
sacrament ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Latin sacramentum, an oath, from sacer, sacred.]
1. Among ancient christian writers, a mystery. [Not in use.]
2. An oath; a ceremony producing an obligation; but not used in this general sense.
3.
“A dozen of them here have ta'en the sacrament, And interchangeably set down their hands To kill the King at Oxford.”
balm ×3 Webster 1828
noun bam.
1. The sap or juice of trees or shrubs remarkable odoriferous or aromatic.
2. Any fragrant or valuable ointment.
3. Anything which heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain.
4.
“Not all the water in the rough rude sea Can wash the balm off from an anointed king; The breath of worldly men cannot depose The deputy elected by the Lord.”
heart-blood ×3 Webster 1828
HE'ART-BLOOD , noun The blood of the heart; life; essence.
“Snakes, in my heart-blood warm'd, that sting my heart!”
commend ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To represent as worthy of notice, regard, or kindness; to speak in favor of; to recommend.
I commend to you Phebe our sister. Romans 16:1.
2.
“Therefore commend me; let him not come there, To seek out sorrow that dwells every where.”
wherefore ×3 Webster 1828
adverb [where and for.]
1. For which reason.
WHEREFORE by their fruits ye shall know them. Matthew 7:20.
2. Why; for what reason.
WHEREFORE didst thou doubt? Matthew 14:31.
“'Tis better hope he is, For his designs crave haste, his haste good hope: Then wherefore dost thou hope he is not shipp'd?”
lament ×3 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Latin lamentor.]
1. To mourn; to grieve; to weep or wail; to express sorrow.
Jeremiah lamented for Josiah. 2 Chronicles 35:25.
2.
“Lords, I protest my soul is full of woe, That blood should sprinkle me to make me grow: Come, mourn with me for what I do lament, And put on sullen black incontinent.”
regreet ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [re and greet.] To greet again; to resalute.
REGREET, noun A return or exchange of salutation.
doubly ×3 Webster 1828
adverb In twice the quantity; to twice the degree; as doubly wise or good; to be doubly sensible of an obligation.
“Be swift like lightning in the execution; And let thy blows, doubly redoubled, Fall like amazing thunder on the casque Of thy adverse pernicious enemy: Rouse up thy youthful blood, be valiant, and live.”
pernicious ×3 Webster 1828
adjective [Latin perniciosus, from pernicies; perneco, to kill; per and nex, necis, death.]
1. Destructive; having the quality of killing, destroying or injuring; very injurious or mischievous.
“You holy clergymen, is there no plot To rid the realm of this pernicious blot?”
fawn ×3 Webster 1828
noun A young deer; a buck or doe of the first year.
FAWN, verb intransitive To bring forth a fawn
FAWN, verb intransitive [See Fain.]
1.
“I am too old to fawn upon a nurse, Too far in years to be a pupil now: What is thy sentence, then, but speechless death, Which robs my tongue from breathing native breath?”
wanton ×3 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Wandering or roving in gaiety or sport; sportive; frolicsome; darting aside, or one way and the other. wanton boys kill flies for sport.
Not a wild and wanton herd.
2.
“We make woe wanton with this fond delay: Once more, adieu; the rest let sorrow say.”
sullen ×3 Webster 1828
adjective [perhaps set, fixed, and allied to silent, sill, etc.]
1. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor.
And sullen I forsook th' imperfect feast.
2.
“Lords, I protest my soul is full of woe, That blood should sprinkle me to make me grow: Come, mourn with me for what I do lament, And put on sullen black incontinent.”
adieu ×3 Webster 1828
Adu'.
Farewell; an expression of kind wishes at the parting of friends.
ADIEU', noun A farewell, or commendation to the care of God; as an everlasting adieu
“Uncle, farewell: and, cousin, adieu: Your mother well hath pray'd, and prove you true.”
grievous ×3 Webster 1828
adjective [from grieve, or grief.] Heavy; oppressive; burdensome; as a grievous load of taxes.
1. Afflictive; painful; hard to be borne.
Correction is grievous to him that forsaketh the way. Proverbs 15:1.
2.
“The commons hath he pill'd with grievous taxes, And quite lost their hearts: the nobles hath he fin'd For ancient quarrels and quite lost their hearts.”
flatterers ×3 Webster 1828
noun One who flatters; a fawner; a wheedler; one who praises another, with a view to please him, to gain his favor, or to accomplish some purpose.
When I tell him he hates flatterers,
He says he does; being then most flattered.…
“I am greater than a king; For when I was a king, my flatterers Were then but subjects; being now a subject, I have a king here to my flatterer.”
deposing ×3 Webster 1828
participle present tense Dethroning; degrading; bearing witness.
DEPOSING, noun The act of dethroning.
“If thou wouldst, There shouldst thou find one heinous article, Containing the deposing of a king And cracking the strong warrant of an oath, Mark'd with a blot, damn'd in the book of heaven.”
commends ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive
1. To represent as worthy of notice, regard, or kindness; to speak in favor of; to recommend.
I commend to you Phebe our sister. Romans 16:1.
2.
“With all the gracious utterance thou hast Speak to his gentle hearing kind commends.”
to-morrow ×3 Webster 1828
noun [to and morrow.] The day after the present.
One to-day is worth two to-morrows.
TOM'PION, noun The stopper of a cannon. [See Tampion.]
“Come on, our queen: to-morrow must we part; Be merry, for our time of stay is short.”
conceit ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Latin , to take or seize.]
1. Conception; that which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea; thought; image.
In laughing there ever precedeth a conceit of somewhat ridiculous, and therefore it is proper to man.…
“'Tis nothing but conceit, my gracious lady.”
woeful ×3 Webster 1913
1. Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or
calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad. 2. Bringing calamity, distress, or affliction; as,
a woeful event; woeful want. 3. Wretched; paltry; miserable; poor.
“what a tide of woes Comes rushing on this woeful land at once!”
yon ×3 Webster 1828
YOND, YONDER, adjective [G.] Being at a distance within view.
“Go, bind thou up yon dangling apricocks, Which, like unruly children, make their sire Stoop with oppression of their prodigal weight: Give some supportance to the bending twigs.”
aught ×3 Webster 1828
noun aut.[Latin qui, quae, quod, quid, what, to be the same word varied in orthography. This word should not be written ought.]
1. Any thing, indefinitely.
But go, my son, and see if aught be wanting.
2.
“A king of beasts, indeed; if aught but beasts, I had been still a happy king of men.”
pomp ×3 Webster 1828
noun [Latin pompa; bombus; Eng. bomb, bombast.]
1. A procession distinguished by ostentation of grandeur and splendor; as the pomp of a Roman triumph.
2.
unruly ×3 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Disregarding restraint; licentious; disposed to violate laws; turbulent; ungovernable; as an unruly youth.
The tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil. James 4:1.
2.
“Go, bind thou up yon dangling apricocks, Which, like unruly children, make their sire Stoop with oppression of their prodigal weight: Give some supportance to the bending twigs.”
confound ×3 Webster 1828
verb transitive [Latin , to pour out. Literally, to pour or throw together.]
1. To mingle and blend different things, so that their forms or natures cannot be distinguished; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that individuals cannot b…
“This fester'd joint cut off, the rest rest sound; This let alone will all the rest confound.”
dishonour ×3 Modern
1. (noun) lacking honor or integrity 2. (noun) a state of shame or disgrace 3. (verb) refuse to accept
“Mine honour lives when his dishonour dies, Or my sham'd life in his dishonour lies: Thou kill'st me in his life; giving him breath, The traitor lives, the true man's put to death.”
groan ×3 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Latin grunnio; Heb. to cry out, to groan; Latin rana, a frog.]
1. To breathe with a deep murmuring sound; to utter a mournful voice, as in pain or sorrow.
For we that are in this tabernacle, do groan being b…
“Twice for one step I'll groan, the way being short, And piece the way out with a heavy heart.”
beggar ×3 Webster 1828
noun [See Beg.] One that lives by asking alms, or makes it his business to beg for charity.
1. One who supplicates with humility; a petitioner; but in this sense rarely used, as the word has become a term of contempt.
2.
“Our scene is alter'd from a serious thing, And now chang'd to 'The Beggar and the King.' My dangerous cousin, let your mother in: I know she's come to pray for your foul sin.”
worthily ×2 Webster 1828
adverb
1. In a manner suited to; as, to walk worthily of our extraction. [Bad.]
2. Deservedly; according to merit.
You worthily succeed not only to the honors of your ancestors, but also to their virtues.
3.
“Tell me, moreover, hast thou sounded him If he appeal the Duke on ancient malice, Or worthily, as a good subject should, On some known ground of treachery in him?”
treachery ×2 Webster 1828
noun trech'ery. Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence. The man who betrays his country in any manner, violates his allegiance, and is guilty of treachery This is treason.
“Tell me, moreover, hast thou sounded him If he appeal the Duke on ancient malice, Or worthily, as a good subject should, On some known ground of treachery in him?”
befall ×2 Webster 1828
verb transitive preterit tense befell; part. befallen.
To happen to; to occur to; as, let me know the worst that can befall me. It usually denotes ill.
“Many years of happy days befall My gracious sovereign, my most loving liege!”
appellant ×2 Webster 1828
noun [See Appeal.]
1. One who appeals, or removes a cause from a lower to a higher tribunal.
2. One who prosecutes another for a crime.
3. One who challenges, or summons another to single combat.
4.
“The appellant in all duty greets your highness, And craves to kiss your hand and take his leave.”
arbitrate ×2 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Latin arbitror.]
To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose men to arbitrate between us.
'ARBITRATE, verb transitive to decide; to determine; to judge of.
“Let not my cold words here accuse my zeal: 'Tis not the trial of a woman's war, The bitter clamour of two eager tongues, Can arbitrate this cause betwixt us twain; The blood is hot that must be cool'd for this.”
slanderous ×2 Webster 1828
adjective
1. That utters defamatory words or tales; as a slanderous tongue.
2. Containing slander or defamation; calumnious; as slanderous words, speeches or reports, false and maliciously uttered.
3. Scandalous; reproachful.
“Either I must, or have mine honour soil'd With the attainder of his slanderous lips.”
kindred ×2 Webster 1828
noun [from kin, kind.]
1. Relation by birth; consanguinity.
Like her, of equal kindred to the throne.
2. Relation by marriage; affinity.
3.
“Both are my kinsmen: T'one is my sovereign, whom both my oath And duty bids defend; the other again Is my kinsman, whom the king hath wrong'd, Whom conscience and my kindred bids to right.”
chastisement ×2 Webster 1828
noun Correction; punishment; pain inflicted for punishment and correction, either by stripes or otherwise.
Shall I so much dishonour my fair stars, On equal terms to give him chastisement
I have borne chastisement I will not of…
“Shall I so much dishonour my fair stars On equal terms to give him chastisement?”
nearness ×2 Webster 1828
noun
1. Closeness; small distance. The nearness of a place to a market enhances the value of lands.
2. Close alliance by blood; propinquity; as the nearness of brothers and sisters, parents and children.
3.
“Besides, our nearness to the king in love Is near the hate of those love not the king.”
trespass ×2 Webster 1828
verb intransitive [Latin trans, beyond, and passer, to pass.]
1. Literally, to pass beyond; hence primarily, to pass over the boundary line of another's land; to enter unlawfully upon the land of another.
“Wilt thou not hide the trespass of thine own?”
interchangeably ×2 Webster 1828
adverb Alternately; by reciprocation; in a manner by which each gives and received.
“A dozen of them here have ta'en the sacrament, And interchangeably set down their hands To kill the King at Oxford.”
slavish ×2 Webster 1913
1. Of or pertaining
to slaves] such as becomes or befits a slave; servile; excessively
laborious; as, a slavish life; a slavish dependance on
the great.
“Ere my tongue Shall wound my honour with such feeble wrong Or sound so base a parle, my teeth shall tear The slavish motive of recanting fear, And spit it bleeding in his high disgrace, Where shame doth harbour, even in Mowbray's face.”
chivalry ×2 Webster 1828
noun
1. Knighthood; a military dignity, founded on the service of soldiers on horseback, called knights; a service formerly deemed more honorable than service in infantry.
2.
spilt ×2 Webster 1828
preterit tense and participle passive of spill.
“As full of valour as of royal blood: Both have I spilt; O!”
headlong ×2 Webster 1828
adverb hed'long. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong
1. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.
--He hurries headlong to his fate.
2. Hastily; without delay or respite.
HEADLONG, adjective hed'long.
“Or, if misfortune miss the first career, Be Mowbray's sins so heavy in his bosom That they may break his foaming courser's back, And throw the rider headlong in the lists, A caitiff recreant to my cousin Hereford!”
desolate ×2 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Destitute or deprived of inhabitants; desert; uninhabited; denoting either stripped of inhabitants, or never having been inhabitated; as a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness.
I will make the cities of Judah desolat…
“Desolate, desolate, will I hence and die: The last leave of thee takes my weeping eye.”
yonder ×2 Webster 1828
YOND, YONDER adjective [G.] Being at a distance within view.
Yonder men are too many for an embassy.
Read thy lot in yon celestial sign.
Yon flowery arbors, YONDER alleys green.
YON, YOND, YONDER, adverb At a distance within vi…
“Marshal, ask yonder knight in arms, Both who he is and why he cometh hither Thus plated in habiliments of war; And formally, according to our law, Depose him in the justice of his cause.”
ceremonious ×2 Webster 1828
adjective
1. Consisting of outward forms and rites; as the ceremonious part of worship. [In this sense, ceremonial is now used.]
2. Full of ceremony or solemn forms.
3.
“Lord Marshal, let me kiss my sovereign's hand, And bow my knee before his Majesty: For Mowbray and myself are like two men That vow a long and weary pilgrimage; Then let us take a ceremonious leave And loving farewell of our several friends.”